In early time people set fires at the edge of the
water to warn boats of dangerous rocks and shores. The Egyptians
were the first people to build lighthouses to use light to guide
ships. In Egypt in 283 the Egyptians completed the tallest
lighthouse ever built. It guided ships for over 1,500 years and
stood 900 feet tall. Lighthouses were also constructed by the
Phoenicians, Greeks, and the Romans.
The early lighthouses used wick lamps as a source of light. In the
olden times the light beam could only travel a few miles. In 1822
the first modern lighthouse lens was invented by a Frenchman named
Augustin Fesnel. He found out how to increase the light by using
prisms. In 1841 the Fresnel lens was installed for the first time in
a lighthouse.
Lighthouses warn sailors to straighten their position so they don't
hit land. They are built on harbors, islands, and beaches. They act
as guideposts for ships at night or in a storm. The first lighthouse
in England was the Eddystone Rock Lighthouse built on a steep rock
in 1698. Since then three more have been built on that location. The
first lighthouse in America was the Boston Lighthouse on Brewser
Island in Boston Harbor. The lighthouse was first lit in 1716, but
was destroyed during the Revolutionary War.
In the past the lighthouse were run by keepers. When fog came up the
lighthouse keepers warned ships by lighting the light, ringing bells
every hour or shooting cannons. Today most lighthouses have lights
that run automatically using electricity.